Footnotes

1. Hem Lata Swarup, Niroj Sinha, Chitra Ghosh, Pam Rajput. 1994. "Women's Political Engagement in India." In B. Nelson and N. Chowdhury. eds. Women and Politics Worldwide. London: Yale University Press. p. 362. CASE STUDY ­ Women in Parliament in India

2. CWDS. 1994. Confronting Myriad Oppressions:
   The Western Regional Experience. New Delhi. CWDS. 1995. Towards Beijing: A Perspective from the Indian Women's Movement. New Delhi.

3. Bjorkman, James W. 1987. "India: Party, Personality
   and Dynasty." In Alan Ware. ed. Political Parties.
   Oxford: Blackwell.

4. CWDS. 1994. pp. 19­25.

5. GOI (Government of India Publication), 1974.

6. Carol Wolkowitz in Haleh Afshar. ed. 1987. Women,
   State and Ideology: Studies from Africa and Asia. London and New York: Routledge, 1987.

7. Chattopadhyaya, K. 1983. Indian Women's Battle for Freedom. New Delhi: Abhinav Press, and Joshi, P. 1989. Gandhi on Women. New Delhi: Navjivan Press.

8. Sarkar, T. and U. Butalia. eds. 1991. Women and Right Wing Movements: Indian Experiences. London: Zed Press.

9. The dispute over the Babri Mosque arose out of the insistence of the right-wing Hindu fundamentalist party BJP that the Mosque was built by Muslim conquerers by destroying a Hindu temple which marked the birthplace
   of Lord Ram, the Hindu diety. Successive Congress governments tried to deal with this issue by avoiding taking a decision so as not to alienate either Muslims or Hindu voters. This led to an eventual march of Hindu fundamentalists in 1991 to the Mosque, which was destroyed while the state police stood by.

10. Rai, S. M. 1995. "Women Negotiating Boundaries: Gender, Law and the Indian State". Social and Legal Studies, Vol. 4, No. 3, September.

11. Kymlicka, W. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship. Oxford: Oxford University Press.